| Career (France) | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Colbert |
| Namesake: | Jean-Baptiste Colbert |
| Ordered: | 1953 |
| Builder: | Brest |
| Laid down: | December 1953 |
| Launched: | 24 March 1956 |
| Commissioned: | 5 May 1959 |
| Decommissioned: | May 1991 |
| Homeport: | Brest |
| Fate: | Scrapping scheduled for 2010/2011 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 11,093 t (10,918 long tons) |
| Length: | 180.47 m (592 ft 1 in) |
| Beam: | 20.31 m (66 ft 8 in) |
| Draft: | 7.9 m (25 ft 11 in) |
| Propulsion: | 2 × CEM-Parsons turbines, 2 shafts |
| Speed: | 31 knots (36 mph; 57 km/h) |
| Range: | 4,000 nmi (7,400 km) at 25 kn (29 mph; 46 km/h) |
| Complement: | Originally : 70 officers 19 chief masters 52 masters 108 aid masters 748 quartermasters and sailors 2,400 men After conversion to Missile cruiser : 25 officers 208 petty officers 329 quarter-masters and sailors 500 men |
| Armament: | As built : • 16 × 127 mm AA guns • 20 × 57 mm mod 51 guns As Missile cruiser : • 4 × MM-38 Exocet systems • 1 Masurca system • 2 × 100 mm AA guns • 12 × 57 mm mod 51 guns • 2 × 12.7 mm AA |
| Aircraft carried: | 1 helicopter |
Colbert (C 611) was an anti-air cruiser, later transformed into a missile cruiser, of the French Navy. She was the sixth ship (and second cruiser) of the French Navy to be named after Jean-Baptiste Colbert (the previous one was scuttled at Toulon in 1942). She served in the Navy from 1956 to 1991, before being converted into a museum ship at Bordeaux from 1993. Since 2007 she has been anchored in the roadstead of Brest awaiting scrapping.
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Her construction began in the Brest dockyards in 1953. She was designed as a powerful ship, the second of the De Grasse series, able to overcome all threats solely by her guns' weight of fire - she had 57mm and 127mm turrets for a firing rate of one shot per second. Launched on 24 March 1956 in Brest, France, starting her trials on 5 December 1957 and officially entering active service on 5 May 1959, she was made part of a 15-ship squadron, with the main aims of protecting aircraft carriers from air attack, shore bombardment for ground operations, command hub for naval operations and evacuating French expatriates from overseas. In 1964 a naval reorganisation made her the flagship of France's Mediterranean squadron (escadre de Méditerranée) at Toulon, which was mainly made up of complementary units such as aircraft-carriers and frigates.
Her rôle as a foreign representative of France was important. In 1961 she repatriated the remains of marshal Hubert Lyautey and she ferried General De Gaulle both on his 1964 South American tour and on his June-July 1967 official visit to Canada (the latter trip was the occasion of his famous "Vive le Québec libre speech" - the diplomatic row which followed put an end to the trip). During the Atlantic crossing on board Colbert De Gaulle signed a number of decrees, such as n°67-611 (23 July 1967, on interpreters in the army reserve) and n°67-612 (on interpreters in the naval reserve). The Colbert also represented France at the bicentennial festivities in Australia in 1988.
Built too late, after the cruiser's time as the main arbiter of naval warfare had passed, the Colbert was superseded at the end of the 1960s by a new generation of ships better adapted to new threats. Her big-gun-based armament had become obsolete and inefficient against supersonic attack aircraft and thus between 1970 and 1972 she underwent extensive modifications in Brest to become a missile cruiser, with a double ramp of MASURCA (MArine SURface Contre Avions - Naval Surface to Air Missiles) missiles. She once again became flagship for the Mediterranean squadron from 1976, but her duties from then on were mainly humanitarian or representative - Agadir in 1960 and the evacuation of Bizerte in 1961. She gained a reputation within the French Navy as a ship that had never fired a single shot in anger, with her only ever active service being in the 1991 Gulf War (operation "Salamandre") a few months before she was decommissioned on 24 May that year.
Between June 1993 and 2007, she was a museum and monument historique in the port of Bordeaux. During 2004 she was France's most-visited museum ship and the city's most-visited historic attraction. She was a private museum, belonging to the state but with the museum's running handed over to "The Friends of the Colbert" association. A visit lasted between 2 and 3 hours, with guided visits given access to parts of the ship closed off to the public, such as the engine rooms and cabins. The ship also housed several permanent exhibitions on the Navy, Météo-France and architectural models (in which one could see modellers at work). The ship's siren went off at midday every Wednesday and Sunday. A covered restaurant and dance-room was built on her foredeck, served by the ship's former kitchens. A "Colbert" stop on the quay by the ship was even planned on the city's tramway, allowing faster access to or from the city centre and thus increase visitor numbers, whilst the ship's presence led to the quays becoming highly developed.
However, the museum ship also had its critics in the city, such as those living by the quays (a "Let's Sink the Colbert" association even fielded a candidate in the municipal elections of 1995), and the ship also got into recurring financial problems - despite being the owner, the state did not pay its maintenance costs necessary to keep up the ship's security and image (to completely repaint the ship, for example, cost more than 500,000 €, too high a price for the museum's budget). Under pressure from the Mairie of the city and local associations, and without other funding forthcoming, the museum ship closed to the public on 2 October 2006.
She was towed on 31 May 2007 (the date that the concession to the "Friends" ran out) to join the mothball fleet in Landevennec. Due to major technological similarities, the Navy takes parts from her from time to time (mainly from the motors) to supply the helicopter-carrier Jeanne d'Arc, which will be decommissioned in 2010, thus meaning the Colbert cannot be scrapped before 2011.